Acknowledgements
The list of abbreviations and notational conventions
Preface
Introduction
Justification of the approach
Methods of collecting empirical data
Outline of the book
Chapter 1
A cognitive study of the concept of FACE in English and Polish
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Face and twarz — two words for one concept?
1.3. A theoretical framework
1.4. FACE as a radial category
1.5. FACE metaphors in English and Polish
Chapter 2
The face as a part of the body
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Is the face exclusively human?
2.3. The face as a person
2.4. The face as a mirror of the soul
2.4.1. Reading faces in ancient China
2.4.2. Physiognomy in ancient Greece and Rome
2.4.3. Physiognomy in Europe
2.5. The face and expression of emotions
2.6. Face and mask
2.7. The face of the other
2.8. Face-blindness
2.9. The face and beauty
2.10. The “troubled” face
2.10.1. The face as a display of illness symptoms
2.10.2. The face as a symbol of split personality
2.10.3. Face and shame, guilt and embarrassment
2.10.4. The stigmatized face
2.11. The hidden face
2.12. The “wrong” face
2.12.1. The “mismeasured” face
2.12.2. The “racial face” in Germany
2.12.3. The criminal face
Chapter 3
The concept of self
3.1. Introduction
3.2. The definition of self
3.3. The self and its components
3.4. Self-presentation
3.5. The self and the body
3.5.1. Body—soul/mind dualism
3.5.2. The body and the soul/self in modern philosophy
3.5.3. The body — the symbol of the self
Chapter 4
Face as a folk concept
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Face, morality and related social concepts
4.2.1. Face and morality
4.2.2. Face and pride, dignity, tact, respect and (self-)esteem
4.2.3. Face and honour
4.3. Defining culture
4.3.1. Cultural traditions and belief systems
4.3.2. Dimensions of cultural variability
4.3.3. Culture-specific concepts of self
4.3.4. Emic and ethic approaches to cultural concepts
4.4. The Chinese concept of face
4.4.1. Chinese culture and its Confucian roots
4.4.2. Face in Chinese culture
4.5. The Anglo-American concept of face
4.5.1. Culture of the United States
4.5.2. Interpersonal relations and facial expressions in Anglo-American culture
4.5.3. Face in Anglo-American culture
4.6. The Polish concept of face
4.6.1. Polish culture
4.6.2. Interpersonal relations and facial expressions in Polish culture
4.6.3. Face in Polish culture
Chapter 5
Face as an academic concept
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Goffman’s world of social encounters
5.2.1. Social interaction in a dramaturgical perspective
5.2.2. Social interaction as a game
5.2.3. The ritual organization of interpersonal contacts
5.2.4. Frames
5.2.5. Goffman’s concept of self
5.2.6. Face
5.2.7. Facework
5.3. Face theories — an overview
5.3.1. A sociolinguistic approach to face
5.3.1.1. Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness
5.3.1.2. Criticisms of Brown and Levinson’s conceptualization of face
5.3.1.3. Face theories inspired by Brown and Levinson’s model
5.3.2. A relational approach to face
5.3.3. A cross-cultural approach to face
5.3.4. A socio-psychological approach to face
5.3.5. A communicative approach to face
5.4. The Cultural Face Model — an approach to face interpretation and management
5.4.1. Face and interaction
5.4.2. Face as a property of the individual
5.4.3. Face and culture
5.4.4. The Cultural Face Model — presentation
5.4.5. Types of facework
5.4.6. The applicability of the Cultural Face Model
Conclusions
References
Index of names
Subject index
Streszczenie
Résumé
